presence - definition and examples of rhetorical presence

nearness - definition and instances of expository nearness Definition: In talk and argumentation, the decision to underline certain realities and thoughts over others so as to make sure about the consideration of a group of people. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation contentions speaker Through nearness, we build up the genuine, Louise Karon says in Presence in The New Rhetoric. This impact is basically evoked through methods of style, conveyance, and manner (Philosophy and Rhetoric, 1976). See too: Crowd Analysis and Implied Audience Examples and Illustrations Ekphrasis and Enargia New Rhetoric(s)ProsopopoeiaPersuasion Models and Observations: Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca compose that nearness is a fundamental factor in argumentation and one that is to an extreme degree an excessive amount of disregarded in rationalistic originations of thinking. The nearness of a reality or a thought is right around a tangible encounter instead of an absolutely judicious one; nearness, they compose, acts straightforwardly on our sensibility.Thus, in argumentation a rhetor tries to carry their crowd to the point of seeing the pertinent realities, or encountering the honesty of a thought. . . . Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca share Gorgias and the humanists interest with talking points capacity to coordinate idea, especially talk in the control of a talented rhetorician. In any case, their trust in argumentation as a discerning establishment of talk is firmly more grounded than was Gorgias.(James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction, third ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2005) Two Aspects of PresenceFor Perelman and Olbrechts -Tyteca (1969), accomplishing nearness is a standard that directs the procedure of determination; we pick words, phrases, allegorical pictures, and other verbose methodologies to either (a) make something missing present to our crowd or (b) increment the nearness of something that has just been brought to the crowds consideration. A case of the last sense would be the manner by which a speaker, in an enthusiastic Fourth of July address during the nineteenth century, would attempt to expand the nearness of the soul of the establishing fathers.These two parts of quality are not fundamentally unrelated; truth be told, they as often as possible cover. A supporter may start by attempting to make something present to a group of people and afterward work to expand the nearness of that thing (whatever that may be). As Murphy (1994) noticed, the possibility of essence is an applied analogy; when nearness is accomplished, what at first was missing nearly is by all accounts in the stay with th e audience.(James Jasinski, Sourcebook on Rhetoric. Wise, 2001) Nearness and Figurative LanguageThe extremely decision of offering nearness to certain components rather than others suggests their significance and congruity to the conversation and acts straightforwardly on our reasonableness, as showed by a Chinese anecdote: A ruler sees a bull on its approach to forfeit. He is moved to feel sorry for it and requests that a sheep be utilized in its place. He admits he did so in light of the fact that he could see the bull yet not the sheep.Perelman and Olbrechts. Explanatory Citizenship and Public Deliberation, ed. by Christian Kock and Lisa S. Villadsen. Penn State Press, 2012) Nearness in Jesse Jacksons 1988 Convention Speech*Tonight in Atlanta, without precedent for this century, we assemble in the South; a state where Governors once remained in school building entryways; where Julian Bond was denied a seal in the State Legislature as a result of his principled issue with the Vietnam War; a city that, through its five Black Universities, has graduated more dark understudies than any city on the planet. Atlanta, presently an advanced crossing point of the new South.Common ground! That is the test of our gathering this evening. Left wing. Right wing.Progress won't come through vast progressivism nor static conservatism, yet at the minimum amount of common survivalnot at endless radicalism nor static conservatism, yet at the minimum amount of shared endurance. It takes two wings to fly. Regardless of whether youre a falcon or a pigeon, youre only a fowl living in a similar situation, in the equivalent world.The Bible instructs that when lions and sheep rests together, none will be apprehensive and there will be harmony in the valley. It sounds unthinkable. Lions eat sheep. Sheep reasonably escape from lions. However even lions and sheep will discover shared belief. Why? Since neither lions nor sheep can endure atomic war. On the off chance that lions and sheep can discover shared view, without a doubt we can as wellas humanized people.The possibly time that we win is the point at which we meet up. In 1960, John Kennedy, the late John Kennedy, beat Richard Nixon by just 112,000 votesless than one vote for every region. He won by the edge of our expectation. He united us. He connected. He had the fearlessness to resist his consultants and ask about Dr. Lords imprisoning in Albany, Georgia. We won by the edge of our expectation, roused by bold leadership.In 1964, Lyndon Johnson brought wings togetherthe postulation, the direct opposite, and the innovative synthesisand together we won.In 1976, Jimmy Carter bound together us once more, and we won. When do we not meet up, we never win.In 1968, the vision and gloom in July prompted our destruction in November. In 1980, animosity in the spring and the late spring prompted Reagan in the fall.When we isolate, we can't win. We should discover shared conviction as the reason for endurance and improvement and change and growth.Today when we discussed, varied, pondered, consented to concur, settle on a truce, when we had the trustworthiness to contend a case and afterward not fall to pieces, George Bush was only somewhat further away from the White House and somewhat closer to private life.Tonight I salute Governor Michael Dukakis. He has run an all around oversaw and a stately battle. Regardless of how worn out or how attempted, he generally opposed the impulse to go as far as demagoguery. . . .(Reverend Jesse Jackson, discourse at the Democratic National Convention, July 19, 1988)* In the presidential appointment of November 1988, occupant Vice President George H.W. Shrubber y (Republican) helpfully vanquished Governor Michael Dukakis (Democrat). The Effects of Presence and the Suppression of Presence[Charles] Kauffman and [Donn] Parson [in Metaphor and Presence in Argument, 1990] make the . . . significant point . . . that the concealment of quality can have an influential impact. They show that allegories with and without energeia can be utilized methodicallly, from one perspective, to caution, and on the other, to hose, open tensions. For instance, utilizing analogies with energeia, President Reagan discusses antique Titan rockets that leave the United States bare to assault; he portrays the Soviet Union as an Evil Empire drove by beasts. Then again, utilizing similitudes without energeia, General Gordon Fornell makes an antipresence intended to avoid open nervousness in light of a legitimate concern for additional weapons obtainment. The present Soviet ICBM power of 1,398 rockets, of which more than 800 are SS-17, SS-18, and SS-19 ICBMs, speaks to a perilous countermilitary asymmetry which must be rectified in the close t o term (99-100; accentuation mine). The methodical utilization of such boring analogies builds adherence by hosing what may somehow or another be genuine anxieties.(Alan G. Gross and Ray D. Dearin, Chaim Perelman. SUNY Press, 2003)

An Analysis of 13 Days

Teacher O’Neill Atlantic Worlds II April sixteenth 2010 Characterizing the First World War as a pestilence of erroneous conclusion, President John F. Kennedy contemplated, â€Å"they by one way or another appeared to tumble into war †¦ through ineptitude, singular mannerisms, misconceptions, and individual edifices of inadequacy and grandeur† (49). Reflecting upon these erroneous conclusions, Robert F. Kennedy’s Thirteen Days records the Cuban Missile Crisis and inventories the President’s scrutinizing activity in the midst of potential disaster.Considering the confusion that drove strife in the mid twentieth century, and the socio-innovative change in perspective of war, President Kennedy discovered cure in the support of open channels of outer correspondence, while in regards to the global domino impact of each activity, and displaying steady distrust in quest for a quiet goals. German humanist Max Weber composed of the Great War, â€Å"this war, w ith all its terribleness, is by and by fantastic and superb. It is worth experiencing† (EP 768).Embellishing the courage of fighting, Weber mirrors a typical acknowledgment of war in the mid twentieth century as one of game and need. Be that as it may, with the advancement of atomic arms came a change in outlook concerning war and its job in the midst of universal forces. Recognizing the ruinous capability of atomic fighting, Kennedy resolutely expressed, â€Å"We were not going to misinterpret or challenge the opposite side unnecessarily, or sharply drive our enemies into a game-plan that was not intended† (75).Using chronicled point of reference as his guide, President Kennedy follows up on the conviction that war is infrequently purposeful, while likewise perceiving the advancing dynamic of war as one of an arms battle. The use of this exercise exists in Kennedy’s goals to use isolate rather than equipped clash at the Soviets Union’s starting danger. Re mote boats provided requests to withdraw would be managed such a chance, any vessel declining to stop would have its rudders incapacitated to stay away from death toll, and ships not having a place with the Soviet Union were the irst and just to be boarded, as to not affect a military reaction. Executing such activity exhibits the President’s away from of past misconception, and the change in perspective that currently described war as something not of game, however of mass pulverization. Robert Kennedy reaffirms such in announcing, â€Å"If we blundered, we failed for ourselves and our nation, yet for the lives of the individuals who had never been allowed a chance to play a role† (81). This announcement encapsulates the staggering weight of atomic war, and the awareness important to keep away from it.Vital to the shirking of miscount and the advancement of a shared comprehension were open channels of correspondence during the Cuban Crisis. President Kennedy perceived the significance of steady correspondence to avoid hasty activity, and advance consistently cool headed dynamic. Such a model exists in Robert Kennedy’s Thirteen Days in which Soviet Chairman Khrushchev and President Kennedy trade messages sketching out the rules towards quiet goals. We should not surrender to unimportant interests, or to transient things, however ought to understand that in the event that in fact war should break out, at that point it would not be in our capacity to stop it, for such is the rationale of war† (66). Expressed by Khrushchev in quest for shared harmony, such correspondence exhibits the significance of lucidity and straightforwardness under edgy conditions. This citation further displays acknowledgment of the twisted idea of fighting, and recognizes history’s bad behaviors that incited destruction.President Kennedy closed thoughts in expressing, â€Å"the impact of such a settlement on facilitating world strains would empower us to move in the direction of a progressively broad plan †¦ the United States is a lot of keen on decreasing pressures and ending the arms race† (79). The unmistakable and succinct nature of this trade loans acclaim to the strategic idea of Kennedy’s strategies, giving both the United States and Soviet Union with the chance to at last evade atomic holocaust. The snowball impact displayed through the First World War shows the risk of tumbling into struggle through partnered commitment and strategic stupidity.President Kennedy’s capacity to carefully kill the Cuban Crisis exhibits an attention to that peril, and a thankfulness for the universal domino impact that fighting would produce between countries. Unequivocally expressed by Robert Kennedy, â€Å"we must know about this duty consistently, mindful that we were choosing for the United States, the Soviet Union, NATO, and for all of mankind† (75). Such worry for the worldwide repercussion of fighting can be seen in President Kennedy’s consistent examination of military suggestions and their impact upon the whole western hemisphere.Seeking elective answers for war just as the endorsement of worldwide forces, Robert Kennedy further states, â€Å"we had the option to set up a firm legitimate establishment for our activity under the OAS contract, and our situation around the globe was †¦ collectively upheld for a quarantine† (40). This political technique, established upon the help of solid European and American partners, supported the United States in considering the ramifications of every single imaginable game-plan as to guarantee a guarantee of harmony for themselves and the worldwide community.A last procedure, key to the discretionary triumph of the Cuban Missile Crisis, alludes to the foundation and achievement of Kennedy’s Executive Committee of the National Security Council. While each proposed arrangement held inalienable shortcomings, this board woul d take into consideration consistent pondering, contention, and discussion. The capacity to investigate every proposition strengthened a sensible dynamic procedure, along these lines reducing the danger of the imprudent miscount or misinterpretation that had provoked war just decades earlier.Embodying the noteworthiness of the Executive Committee, Robert Kennedy pronounces, â€Å"everyone had an equivalent chance to communicate and to be heard legitimately. It was a hugely profitable method that doesn't as often as possible happen inside the official branch† (36). Moreover, President Kennedy is accounted for to have experienced â€Å"considerable lengths to guarantee that he was not protected from people or perspectives in light of rank or position† (89).While such a game plan appears to be hopeful, President Kennedy’s acknowledgment of every single accessible perspective gave an incredibly expansive base of information whereupon to reach inferences. It was this receptive and sensible methodology that was intensely missing preceding the Great Wars of the mid twentieth century, in this manner prompting worldwide calamities that may have been deflected under progressively coherent conditions. The measures taken by President Kennedy, as introduced through Robert Kennedy’s Thirteen Days, loan overpowering recognition to his conciliatory triumph during the Cuban Missile Crisis.His achievement is accounted for as being established upon the miscounts of history, and a revision of those past mistakes in quest for serene relations. Be that as it may, the hopeful way wherein the President’s activities are depicted smell of both thoughtful appreciation and after death acclaim. Such an idealistic introduction just serves to reduce President Kennedy’s brave job in the midst of the emergency, and leads the peruser to address how vital his administration really was. An individual diary of Robert F. Kennedy, Thirteen Days must be peru sed while taking other factors into consideration to appropriately evaluate its legitimacy as an authentic record.While the President positively recognized the socio-innovative change in outlook of present day fighting notwithstanding the idiocy from which the First World War developed, Thirteen Days most clearly excuses significant occasions going before the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Bay of Pigs Invasion, a fruitless endeavor by American-prepared Cuban displaced people to topple the legislature of Fidel Castro, totally negates President Kennedy’s assumed comprehension of the perils of atomic war and indiscreet military action.The bombed attack, started just three months after President Kennedy’s initiation, embarrassed the Administration and made socialist countries suspicious of the United States. What's more, John F. Kennedy is reliably adulated all through his brother’s diary for inviting the perspectives of government executives, yet customary individuals. For instance, â€Å"he needed the counsel of his Cabinet officials, however he additionally †¦ wished to get notification from Tommy Thompson† (89). In any case, not once all through Kennedy’s journal does he notice addressing field officers or their names.The nonexclusive name of Tommy Thompson lessens the author’s confidence in such sources, and President Kennedy is even appeared to ridicule military figures in expressing, they â€Å"lacked the capacity to look past the constrained military field† (90). Such proof can't be disregarded in deciding the legitimacy of President Kennedy’s achievement, and decreases the objectivity of this authentic source. Be that as it may, a definitive achievement of President Kennedy’s verifiable reflections and harmony looking for measures can't be denied.While Thirteen Days almost radiates perceptible acclaim for his activities, it precisely reports the measures taken to stifle the Cuban Missile Crisi s, the viability of isolate and the significance of dealing and correspondence. These activities, provoked through the foundation of the Executive Committee, brought about the expulsion of atomic arms from Cuba and the restoration of the worldwide business as usual. Saving our country near the very edge of atomic war, the peruser must choose the option to close Thi

Breakfast at Tiffanys A Window Into the 1950s - Literature Essay Samples

Truman Capotes masterpiece of American literature, Breakfast at Tiffanys, is a wonderful story about misguided love. The novel is well deserving of a place within any compilation of literature and is epically deserving of a place within a collection of womens literature, as it presents a snapshot of a very human woman from the 1950s era United States. Holly is not a woman you might want to frame, or one that you might aspire to become, foremost because her flaws are exposed for all to see. However, she most definitely is defining of a cultured woman of the American 1950s, a modern debutant, carefree and aloof. Her character is defining of the societal changes which took place during the post World War II 1950s, when women gained independence they had not previously shared with men before the war, and the growing up period which was inevitable as they learned to walk on their own, free and spirited; women gained independence, but they had not yet gained the ability to support them selves: this was a fault of the society. The novel shows this change beautifully, from the perspective of a man who falls in love with one of these new wild and spirited creatures that he does not completely understand.The narrator, or Fred as he is called by Holly, is captivated by this curious and unique creature who resides in his apartment building. His first meeting, where she comes in through his fire escape to avoid a man who is biting her, seems to catch him off guard. She is brash, seeming not to care to climb into his bed to snuggle, confident in her sexuality. Throughout the novel this is a continuing theme. The women of the pre-WWII era would have been very much offended by this sort of behavior, but it seems to intrigue our narrator. As the story moves on, the narrator develops much more than a passing interest in his neighbor, falling deeply in love with her, but always knowing that she will not have him. Her story to Joe Bell in the bar is the most telling, as it seems to not be directed toward Joe Bell, but rather to Fred, although he never seems to connect that it is meant for him. Holly tells Joe Never love a wild thing you cant give your heart to a wild thing: the more you do, the stronger they get. (Capote 209) Fred never gets the message, already blinded by his love for her. She further warns him that she will fly away if he tries to get too close, a promise she eventually keeps. Holly is a fiercely independent woman, and this makes her attractive to every man she comes into contact with.Grave mischaracterizations of Holly are sometimes made, including the accusation that she is a whore or prostitute. Granted, her behavior is not something that will ever win her a medal. She uses most everyone she comes into contact with, either for money or simply as her playthings. She does not, however, pressure these people into her company. They rather desire to be around her. Her personality is magnetic throughout most of the novel. S he is not a fantastic person, but she most definitely is a wonderful image of the type of woman people desired to be around in the 1950s era. She also did not use these people out of sheer hatefulness, but out of necessity. She had to survive childhood as a runaway in one of the hardest times in the history of the United States, obviously having no true formal education which would provide a job for her to take care of herself. She was forced to marry at the age of fourteen, again out of necessity, to find a way to provide for both herself and her brother. She later leaves the situation, not because it is unbearable, but because she wants more and she wishes to explore and live her life. These are desires shared by most everyone growing up, and while considering the circumstances most people could not fault her for her actions, it was the fault of her nature. She was a fifteen year old girl, and she was not designed to be caged.This novel is a great story of human nature, over coming adversity, and is a very human portrait of the post-WWII era American woman. Holly is not a perfect person, but because her flaws are bared for all to see, she is a much more identifiable and loveable character. Capotes master work would be a grave omission from any collection of literature about women.Work CitedCapote, Truman. Breakfast at Tiffanys. 1958. New York: Vintage, 1993.

The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer - 1969 Words

In his novel The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer presents the corruption of the Catholic Church through several of his characters. Chaucer lived in a time of controversial indulgences, a way to pay off sins. Chaucer’s tales show his opposition to these sinful behaviors that he believed were common among the clergy. In order to protest against sinful behavior and religious corruption, Chaucer uses characters such as the pardoner, the friar, the summoner, and the prioress to show the lack of morality and faith among the clergy, and presents the parson as an example of how to correct corruption of the Catholic Church. Chaucer demonstrates corruption of the clergy through the pardoner who is a sinner since he deceives the innocent through greed, which at the time was a mortal sin. Chaucer describes the pardoner as having a bunch of relics in his pouch such as â€Å"a croys of latoun, full of stones† (GP 699). However, Chaucer retorts, But with thise relikes, whan that he fond A povre person dwellynge upon lond, Upon a day he gat hym moore moneye Than that the person gat in monthes tweye (GP 701-704). Here, Chaucer calls the pardoner a liar who uses false relics to collect money from people he meets who are trying to repent of their sins. The pardoner is even more appalling because he preaches against greed, yet he is guilty of that very sin when he tricks the innocent into giving him large amounts of money by using these false relics. Chaucer characterizes the pardoner asShow MoreRelatedThe Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer1582 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury tales a collection of short tales in the 14th century. The compilation of stories are told by different characters within the narrative as part of a game proposed by the host. Each individual must tell two stories on their journey and two stories on their way back. Each story tells some aspects of English life during the time and often added satire like qualities to the English life. In particular Chaucer often tells stories with elements of the relationshipRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer consists of frame narratives were a group of pilgrims that are traveling from Southwark to the shire of St. Becker in the Canterbury Cathedral, tell each other to pass time until they arrive at their destination. During The Canterbury Tales the reader is exposed to many characters that represent all of the social classes of medieval England and the reader gets to know them from t he general prologue to each individual tale. One of these characters is the PardonerRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2127 Words   |  9 PagesIt is unknown when Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, but it is assumed that he wrote it in 1387. There are many different aspects and themes throughout this paper that are very prominent. One theme that is very important is the importance of company. This entire tale is about twenty-nine pilgrims who all tell tales while on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The importance of company is that this is a pilgrimage that requires companions and friendship. ThoughRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduced and described a variety of fictional characters that lived in the Middle Ages. It was the time period that European civilians were governed by a system called feudalism. Where kings were the head of the s ystem and everyone was categorized in social classes. In the prologue of The Canterbury Tales the first character introduced was the knight. Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the knight correctly by characterizing him as a chivalrous and honorable man,Read MoreThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer1585 Words   |  7 Pageswas published toward the end of his life, Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales was his longest and most popular work. The plot is made up of tales told by thirty-one different pilgrims as they embark on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. His initial idea was to have each pilgrim tell four stories a piece during the pilgrimage, but Chaucer either died before finishing or decided to change this idea, as only twenty-four tales presently make up the work. The prologue ofRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer is a collection of 24 stories written during the Midd le Ages. The tales were written with the intent of criticizing the functions of societal standards as well as the beliefs of the Church. â€Å"The Miller’s Tale,† one the most popular stories, offers unique insights into the customs and practices of the English middle class during the Middle Ages. The story follows the lives of John, Absolon, and Nicholas, three men who are involved with a beautiful woman namedRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2664 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their storiesRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2648 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their stories give some extraordinaryRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2221 Words   |  9 Pagesin medieval literature is the Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer. This research seeks to examine the life of Chaucer, the Canterbury Tales, and the impact and legacy of both the author and the work. Agnes Copton gave birth to a baby boy c. 1340, whom she named Geoffrey. The baby took the surname of his father John Chaucer, who came from a family of wine merchants. The family relied on strategic relationships to subsidize where they lacked in wealth. Chaucer was fluent in French, ItalianRead MoreCanterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1380 Words   |  6 PagesCanterbury Tales Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer was a story of not the people themselves but a social statement of how the people of higher standing were viewed by the middle class. In the time that Canterbury Tales was written it was a time of corruption of the Church. There were many clergy members that were mentioned in this story. Each of the characters was unique in the way they went against the standards they should be held to. The most interesting this story was definitely The

The United Church Of Christ, By Howard W. Stone James O...

Introduction A-30 of The Leaders Box, a resource for church leaders in the United Church of Christ, contains information for one who is seeking to become an ordained minister. One of the requirements of a candidate for ordination is to provide their association committee on ministry with a paper â€Å"dealing with the person s theological perspective and grasp of the historic Christian faith; understanding of the history, theological roots, polity and practice of the United Church of Christ; and the person s faith pilgrimage and understanding of ministry.† The Leaders Box: www.ucc.org/ministers_leaders-box Howard W. Stone James O Duke, in their book How to Think Theologically state, â€Å"To be a Christian at all is to be a theologian. There are no exceptions.† Google’s definition of a theologian is â€Å"a person who engages or is an expert in theology. Theology, according to Google is 1) the study of the nature of God and religious belief and 2) religious beliefs and theory when systematically developed. It is with these definitions in mind that I prepare my paper for ordination. My journey to ordination has taken sixty years. The journey has been easy, yet difficult. Joy filled, and yet often full of sadness and frustration. My journey has been sixty years of walking with God, running to, and sometimes from God, exploring, stumbling, falling, and climbing. It has been a journey of discovering the theology of me and how that theology is to be used to glorify our creator not onlyShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford Universi ty Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publicationRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesMonticello; Phyllis Berger, Diablo Valley College; Kevin Galvin, East Los Angeles College; Jacquelyn Ann Kegley, California State University-Bakersfield; Darryl Mehring, University of Colorado at Denver; Dean J. Nelson, Dutchess Community College; James E. Parejko, Chicago State University; Robert Sessions, Kirkwood Community College; and Stephanie Tucker, California State University Sacramento. Thinking and writing about logical reasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children

Wenying Jiangs Paper on Culture and Language free essay sample

The intimate relationship between language and culture is strikingly illustrated by the survey, which confirms the view that language and culture cannot exist without each other. Inseparability of culture and language It is commonly accepted that language is a part of culture, and that it plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider that without language, culture would not be possible. Language simultaneously reflects culture, and is influenced and shaped by it. In the broadest sense, it is also the symbolic representation of a people, since it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds, as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. Brown (1994: 165) describes the two as follows: ‘A language is a part of a culture and a culture is a part of a language; the two are intricately interwoven so that one cannot separate the two without losing the significance of either language or culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Wenying Jiangs Paper on Culture and Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ’ In a word, culture and language are inseparable.

The Compatibility of Aristophanes Speech with Socrates Ideas

When people speak about the sense of life many of them agree that the life is meaningful only when it is based on the principles of love. Thus, love is often considered as the leading aspect of the people’s life and as its ruling force. Many philosophers spent a lot of time discussing the phenomenon of love in order to understand the peculiarities of this feeling and to examine its mysterious nature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Compatibility of Aristophanes’ Speech with Socrates’ Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, Plato’s Symposium can be considered as the most interesting representation of the ancient philosophers’ thought and their visions of love. Why do people usually have an irresistible desire to seek for love? What feelings and emotions lead them in their searches? In his speech, Aristophanes tried to answer these controversial questions with presenting a myth about the people’s nature which could explain that human desire. According to this myth, people who earlier were complete and had two faces and limbs were divided into two halves by the gods. That is why, to feel completeness in the life, people need to find their halves. The discussion of the myth presented in Aristophanes’ speech is compatible with Socrates’ visions of the issue of love because both philosophers consider love as a desire of something or a lack of an important part for people to be complete, love is also the search of the best part or the â€Å"goodness†, and the philosophers agree that love is intentional in its nature. The nature of love is one of the most provocative questions in philosophy which can have a lot of answers according to the positions which are close to this or that philosopher. Nevertheless, there is one point considered as exceptionally significant for the discussion by almost all the thinkers. The sp eeches of Aristophanes and Socrates focus on the fact that love is the realization of the definite intention. Thus, love is intentional in its character. According to Aristophanes, the ruling force of the people’s life is the search for something or the search for love which can be explained as the natural intention of a human to find his half in order to feel himself as a whole. Moreover, this necessity depends on the people’s instincts which are typical for the human nature and affected by their origin. That is why it is almost impossible to resist to the desire or intention to feel the wholeness with another human. In his speech, Aristophanes states that â€Å"Love does the best that can be done for the time being: he draws us towards what belongs to us† (Plato 36.193d). When people know that they are incomplete they suffer from this knowledge and do not feel satisfaction.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They have the overwhelming desire to go forth and seek for their half. In this situation, love becomes the real life intention for the people. Socrates also discusses love as an intention because this feeling has the object toward which it is directed (Plato 42.200e). People are searching not for the abstract thing, but for the real object of their feeling because this object should complete their nature. That is why people suffer when the object of their love does not belong to them. The notion of love as the intention is similar in the philosophers’ discussion to the vision of love as a need or as a desire. Following Aristophanes’ considerations, it is important to note that people try to find the object of love or their half because this desire is explained by the peculiarities of the humans’ origin. Therefore, the feeling of love is the representation of the lack of the necessary part of a human, and it is the pe ople’s intense want to acquire their wholeness. According to Aristophanes, â€Å"Love† is the name for our pursuit of wholeness, for our desire to be complete† (Plato 29.192e). People cannot be happy when they are incomplete. If Aristophanes’ explanation of the people’s lack of the other person as a half is based on the myth about males, females, and androgynies, Socrates’ idea about love as a longing depends on the opinion that love is always the desire of something. During his conversation with Agathon, Socrates draws his opponent’s attention to this fact asking him a series of questions starting with â€Å"Is Love the love of nothing or of something?† (Plato 41.199e). Agathon says that love can always be considered as the love of something. In spite of the fact this understanding of love is more general in comparison with Aristophanes’ ideas of love, Socrates’ vision is compatible to Aristophanes’ discuss ion of love because love of something as the desire of something depends on the fact that person wants something when these objects do not belong to him or her. That is why love of something is the lack of something. This lack makes people consider themselves as incomplete persons. However, is any half which was acquired during the person’s search can be discussed as appropriate to form the whole? Aristophanes pays attention to the fact that people can be satisfied only when they find their necessary halves which are ideal for them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Compatibility of Aristophanes’ Speech with Socrates’ Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He states that when a man or a woman meets his half â€Å"something wonderful happens: the two are stuck from their senses by love, by a sense of belonging to one another, and by desire, and they don’t want to be separated from o ne another, not even for a moment† (Plato 28.192c). That is why it is possible to say that people love those objects and those people who are perfect particularly for them. In dialogues with Socrates, Diotima expands this idea presented by Aristophanes and makes it be more general. Diotima states that people are inclined to seek not only for their best halves but also for any perfectness and goodness (Plato 44.201a). The good people or things make people happy. Nevertheless, what are the similarities of Aristophanes and Socrates’ visions of the issue? To answer the question, it is important to concentrate on the details of the discussions. What are the main reasons for people to love something or someone? Thus, those people separated from one another by the will of the gods who are presented in the myth by Aristophanes are seeking for their halves not according to their appearances, but according to the similarities of their souls. Moreover, people love each other not b ecause of some qualities, but because of the feeling of closeness with this or that person. This idea is accentuated in Socrates’ dialogues where it is stated that â€Å"the beauty of people’s souls is more valuable than the beauty of their bodies† (Plato 58.209e). Thus, people love each other because they understand the value of the person’s soul which is similar to their ones. That is why people are inclined to love the best souls and the best things, but they are the best for these persons particularly and cannot fit the other persons’ souls. Furthermore, Aristophanes focuses on the fact that when people find their halves they are so happy and they feel that they cannot be apart with their lovers anymore. This viewpoint is similar to Socrates’ one. â€Å"Love is wanting to possess the good forever† (Plato 52.206d). To complete their nature, people should not only find their halves or the best objects of their love, but also possess them during all their life to preserve the wholeness and happiness. Plato’s Symposium includes a lot of exciting ideas on the problem of love presented in the form of the speeches developed by the ancient philosophers and historical personalities. In spite of the fact that the viewpoints performed in Aristophanes’ speech are often considered as opposite ones to Socrates’ visions of the phenomenon of love, there are a lot of similarities in the discussions of the question which allow speaking about the definite compatibility of the speeches.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the philosophers agree in their opinions that love is the intention which is realized in the desire to find the object of love. This irresistible desire is often caused by the person’s need or lack. Moreover, it is important for a person to love a man or a woman which is similar to him. That is why people are inclined to seek not for any object of love or any half, but for the best one which will be ideal for them. Works Cited Plato. Symposium. USA: Hackett, 1989. Print. 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